Scientists Seek to Make Pig Livers to Function in Humans
2023-01-03
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1American scientists are seeking to make pig livers behave more like human livers so they can be transplanted into people.
2The reengineered livers could help fill a big need for replacement organs.
3The first step for scientists is to wash away the pig cells that help the organ do its work.
4This leaves the liver white and clear, with no blood vessels remaining in the tissue.
5Next, human liver cells are added to the empty pig liver.
6The living cells move throughout the organ in an effort to restart the liver's functions.
7Jeff Ross is head of the U.S.-based Miromatrix, the medical company involved in the research.
8He told The Associated Press, "Because we remove all the cells from that pig organ ... our bodies don't see it as a pig organ."
9He explained that the process can nearly "regrow the organ."
10Ross said the company aims to begin its first human testing sometime in 2023.
11The goal of the testing will be to try to prove that the method can create functioning human livers.
12If the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approves the testing, the first experiment will take place outside a patient's body.
13A pig-turned-human-like liver will be put next to a patient to temporarily filter the blood of someone whose liver had failed.
14Experts say if the "liver assist" experiment works, it would mark a major step forward in developing genetically engineered organs that could be transplanted into humans.
15Dr. Sander Florman is the head of transplant operations at New York's Mount Sinai Hospital.
16He told the AP the reengineering of animal organs for humans might sound like something only seen in science fiction.
17Florman said that he thinks the "liver assist" method is likely to be used to help patients without the need to implant a full organ into their bodies.
18He said such a system can help save the lives of people suffering from organ failure.
19More than 105,000 people are currently on the U.S. waiting list for an organ transplant.
20Thousands of them will likely die before they get a chance to receive a new liver.
21Thousands more never even get put on the list because they are not considered the best candidates.
22"The number of organs we have available are never going to be able to meet the demand," Dr. Amit Tevar told the AP.
23He is a transplant surgeon at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.
24Tevar, who is not involved in Miromatrix's research, said he thinks the planned outside-the-body testing would be an early first step in the development of animal organs for human use.
25In 2021, researchers with Miromatrix and the Minnesota-based Mayo Clinic reported successfully transplanting a version of bioengineered livers into pigs.
26In Maryland, a man lived for two months after receiving the world's first heart transplant from a pig in January 2022.
27To reduce the chance the man's body would reject the heart, scientists removed several genes from the donor pig that are linked to organ rejection.
28The FDA is currently considering whether to approve additional transplant experiments that would permit kidneys or hearts from gene-edited pigs to be placed into humans.
29The bioengineering process, however, is very different.
30It does not require organs from genetically engineered pigs.
31It only requires leftover organs from slaughterhouses - places where animals are killed for food.
32I'm Bryan Lynn.
1American scientists are seeking to make pig livers behave more like human livers so they can be transplanted into people. The reengineered livers could help fill a big need for replacement organs. 2The first step for scientists is to wash away the pig cells that help the organ do its work. This leaves the liver white and clear, with no blood vessels remaining in the tissue. Next, human liver cells are added to the empty pig liver. The living cells move throughout the organ in an effort to restart the liver's functions. 3Jeff Ross is head of the U.S.-based Miromatrix, the medical company involved in the research. He told The Associated Press, "Because we remove all the cells from that pig organ ... our bodies don't see it as a pig organ." He explained that the process can nearly "regrow the organ." 4Ross said the company aims to begin its first human testing sometime in 2023. The goal of the testing will be to try to prove that the method can create functioning human livers. 5If the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approves the testing, the first experiment will take place outside a patient's body. A pig-turned-human-like liver will be put next to a patient to temporarily filter the blood of someone whose liver had failed. 6Experts say if the "liver assist" experiment works, it would mark a major step forward in developing genetically engineered organs that could be transplanted into humans. 7Dr. Sander Florman is the head of transplant operations at New York's Mount Sinai Hospital. He told the AP the reengineering of animal organs for humans might sound like something only seen in science fiction. 8Florman said that he thinks the "liver assist" method is likely to be used to help patients without the need to implant a full organ into their bodies. He said such a system can help save the lives of people suffering from organ failure. 9More than 105,000 people are currently on the U.S. waiting list for an organ transplant. Thousands of them will likely die before they get a chance to receive a new liver. Thousands more never even get put on the list because they are not considered the best candidates. 10"The number of organs we have available are never going to be able to meet the demand," Dr. Amit Tevar told the AP. He is a transplant surgeon at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. 11Tevar, who is not involved in Miromatrix's research, said he thinks the planned outside-the-body testing would be an early first step in the development of animal organs for human use. 12In 2021, researchers with Miromatrix and the Minnesota-based Mayo Clinic reported successfully transplanting a version of bioengineered livers into pigs. 13In Maryland, a man lived for two months after receiving the world's first heart transplant from a pig in January 2022. To reduce the chance the man's body would reject the heart, scientists removed several genes from the donor pig that are linked to organ rejection. 14The FDA is currently considering whether to approve additional transplant experiments that would permit kidneys or hearts from gene-edited pigs to be placed into humans. 15The bioengineering process, however, is very different. It does not require organs from genetically engineered pigs. It only requires leftover organs from slaughterhouses - places where animals are killed for food. 16I'm Bryan Lynn. 17The Associated Press reported this story. Bryan Lynn adapted the report for VOA Learning English. 18______________________________________________________________ 19Words in This Story 20transplant - n. to perform a medical operation in which an organ or other part that has been removed from the body of one person is put into the body of another person 21function - v. to work or operate 22filter - v. to pass a liquid or gas through a piece of equipment in order to remove solid pieces of other substances 23edit - v. to change or correct something 24____________________________________________________________ 25What do you think of this story? We want to hear from you. We have a new comment system. Here is how it works: 26Each time you return to comment on the Learning English site, you can use your account and see your comments and replies to them. Our comment policy is here.